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urbains, afin de pouvoir évaluer la vulnérabilité du territoire et les citée côtière la plus densément peuplée au monde, le changement
zones à forts enjeux. L’objectif sera ensuite de prendre en compte climatique va exercer des pressions supplémentaires sur les popula-
le confort d’été dans les travaux de construction, de réhabilitation tions et la biodiversité du territoire. Il est donc nécessaire de préparer
et lors de l’exploitation de bâtiments, mais aussi dans les travaux la ville résiliente de demain en intégrant les services rendus par la
d’aménagement du territoire. Une fois finalisée, cette étude servira nature », explique la Direction de l’Environnement. Dans le cadre de
d’outil de gestion pour les essences d’arbres présentes en Principauté, ce plan, un objectif de renaturation d’au moins 20% des surfaces
avec pour but de favoriser les essences possédant un rôle dans la de voirie a été fixé à l’horizon 2030, « soit un gain de plus de 13 ha
régulation thermique, mais aussi dans la captation des différents d’espaces favorables à la biodiversité ». La plantation de 2 400 arbres
polluants atmosphériques en corrélation avec les données de qualité supplémentaires sur le territoire est envisagée d’ici 2030, tandis que
de l’air. » « le développement d’infrastructures vertes sur le bâti, telles que des
Autre mesure phare: un plan de renaturation de la ville, au travers de toitures intensives et des murs végétalisés modulaires, sera favorisé
la Stratégie Nationale pour la Biodiversité à 2030. « Monaco étant la pour « ensauvager » la ville. »

1. La hauteur des eaux marines est mesurée à Monaco depuis 1999 par un marégraphe numérique côtier opéré par la Direction de l’Environnement en collaboration avec le Service Hydrographique et
Océanographique de la Marine française (SHOM).
Global warming: what risk for Monaco? by Milena Radoman

The risk to the climate is amplified by global warming: a rise in sea level, the risk of a tsunami in
the Mediterranean. What is being done about this rising sea level?

Globally, sea levels rose about 15 cm in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in of global warming. “A study launched in 2020
20 century and the rise is accelerating, 2020. As part of the Paris Agreement, NDCs has identified urban heat islands (UHIs) and
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according to the Intergovernmental Panel on embody the efforts made by each country to urban cool islands (UCIs), in order to assess
Climate Change (IPCC). At the current rate of reduce national emissions and adapt to the the vulnerability of the territory and the high-
greenhouse gas emissions, the risk of coastal effects of climate change. risk areas. The objective will then be to take
flooding will increase “tenfold well before 2100 summer comfort into account in construction,
if no adaptation and mitigation measures are Risk mapping as well as rehabilitation and building operation
taken, as agreed by the parties in the Paris As a preventative measure, the state has work but also on-land development work.
Agreement,” - including in the Mediterranean. carried out a study “in order to define the Once finalised, this study will serve as a
In the next 30 years, the probability of a coastal areas most exposed to the risk of management tool for the tree species present
tsunami exceeding one metre in height in the submersion, as well as mapping to identify in the Principality, with the aim of favouring
Mediterranean is close to 100% according to the risks of submersion on the entire those with a role in thermal regulation and the
UNESCO! Amongst the regions highlighted as Monégasque coastline in its current state, capture of various atmospheric pollutants in
at risk, there are two French cities: Marseille as well as the perspective for 2100. As the correlation with air quality data.”
and Cannes. Principality is largely built on the sea, the Another flagship measure is a plan to bring
risks of submersion are high,” continues the nature back to the city, through the National
+ 20 cm to 110 cm in the Mediterranean Department of the Environment, referring Strategy for Biodiversity 2030. “Monaco being
Faced with this problem, the Monégasque to developments to be carried out in the the most densely populated coastal city in
authorities are quite clear: “With its maritime future. In the short term, “localised raising the world, climate change will put additional
character and coastline, the Principality solutions (embankments, fixed or removable pressure on populations and biodiversity.
of Monaco is directly exposed to a rise, landscaped walls depending on the location, It is, therefore, necessary to prepare the
due to global warming, in the level of the crowning beams when possible etc) and the resilient city of tomorrow by integrating the
Mediterranean Sea.” According to recordings regulation of activities behind structures in services provided by nature,” explains the
made in Monaco , “the rise measured has been exposed areas”; and in the medium term, “new Department of the Environment. As part
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around 3.5 mm per decade since 2000 […] constructions acting as an anti-submersion of this plan, an objective of planting on at
According to projections, the mean sea level belt that can ultimately serve as an urban least 20% of roads by 2030 has been set, “ie,
in the Mediterranean would be, at the end of extension of the Principality of Monaco if gaining more than 13 hectares favourable to
the 21st century, in the range 20 to 110 cm built at sea and not on the coast.” biodiversity.” The planting of 2,400 additional
higher than at the end of the 20th century, trees on the territory is planned by 2030, whilst
depending on the level of emissions, with Adaptation of urban heat islands “the development of green infrastructure on
local deviations of up to +10 cm compared In this Nationally Determined Contribution, buildings, such as intensive roofs and modular
to the average for the basin,” indicated the the Monégasque authorities also indicate green walls, will be promoted to in order to
Department of the Environment in its last other adaptation measures taken in the face bring some wildness to Monaco.”

1. The height of marine waters has been measured in Monaco since 1999 by a digital coastal tide gauge operated by the Department of the Environment in collaboration with the Hydrographic and
Oceanographic Service of the French Navy.
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